Parliament Question: India's NDC Targets

📌 Summary:

• India's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) has three quantitative targets: cut GDP emission intensity, raise the non-fossil share of installed power capacity, and create an additional carbon sink
• Progress: emissions intensity of GDP cut 37.38% by 2022 vs 2005 (target 45% by 2030); non-fossil sources crossed 50% of installed capacity in June 2025 — five years ahead of schedule — reaching 54.18% as on 30 June 2026
• Additional carbon sink of 2.44 billion tonnes CO2-equivalent created during 2005–2022 (target 2.5–3.0 billion tonnes by 2030)
• Enhanced 2035 NDC targets: cut GDP emission intensity 47% from 2005; 60% non-fossil installed capacity; carbon sink of 3.5–4.0 billion tonnes CO2e — aligned with Viksit Bharat @2047
• NDC also has five qualitative targets (sustainable lifestyles/LiFE, cleaner pathways, adaptation) under the Paris Agreement's nationally-determined framework
• Implementation via NAPCC's nine missions (six adaptation-focused); flagship initiatives include National Green Hydrogen Mission, PM Surya Ghar, PM-KUSUM, PLI for solar PV & ACC batteries, CCUS, Nuclear Energy Mission, hydrogen-powered train
• Coastal resilience: mangrove restoration (MISHTI), CRZ framework, early-warning systems; 34 States/UTs have prepared State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs)

🎯 UPSC Relevance: GS3 — climate change policy, India's international climate commitments, mitigation & adaptation architecture

📝 Prelims Facts:

• Non-fossil capacity 54.18% (June 2026); 50% milestone achieved June 2025, 5 years early
• 2035 NDC: 47% emission-intensity cut, 60% non-fossil capacity, 3.5–4.0 bn tonnes carbon sink
• NAPCC has 9 national missions; MISHTI = mangrove programme

🔑 Key Term: NDC — Nationally Determined Contribution, a country's self-set climate targets under the Paris Agreement, reported at the national level.