Eight Constitution Amendments Enacted in the Last Twelve Years, Government Informs Parliament

📌 Summary:

• The Government informed Parliament that the Constitution was amended eight times in the last twelve years — the 99th to 106th Constitution Amendment Acts
• 99th (2014): National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) to replace the collegium (later struck down by the Supreme Court); 100th (2015): India–Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement; 101st (2016): Goods and Services Tax (GST)
• 102nd (2018): constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC); 103rd (2019): 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS); 104th (2019): extended SC/ST seat reservation in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies to 25 January 2030 (and ended the Anglo-Indian nominated seats)
• 105th (2021): amended Articles 342A, 338B and 366 (restoring states' power to identify OBCs); 106th (2023): reservation of one-third of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam)
• Information given by the Union Minister of Law and Justice, Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal

🎯 UPSC Relevance: GS2 Polity — the constitutional amendment process (Article 368) and the substance of landmark recent amendments (NJAC, GST, EWS, women's reservation).

📝 Prelims Facts:

• 99th = NJAC; 100th = India–Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement; 101st = GST
• 102nd = NCBC constitutional status; 103rd = EWS 10% reservation
• 105th = OBC identification power to states; 106th = Women's Reservation (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam)

🔑 Key Term: Constitutional Amendment (Article 368) — the procedure by which Parliament may add, vary or repeal provisions of the Constitution.