India’s patchy industrial climate strategy

📌 Summary:

• Context: Targets under Make-in-India, Viksit Bharat (2047) and net-zero (2070) make industrial decarbonisation central to India's long-term climate goals
• Core argument: As the economy grows, manufacturing expansion and population-driven consumption push up energy demand; reconciling growth with emission cuts needs highly targeted, not patchy, policies
• Key data (from India's First Biennial Transparency Report, BTR1, submitted to UNFCCC): in 2022 over 20% of India's total emissions came directly from the industrial sector
• Breakdown: fuel consumption in manufacturing and construction = 13% of total emissions; industrial processes and product use = a further 9%
• This share has remained consistent over time, underscoring manufacturing's large and persistent carbon footprint
• Implication: without sector-specific decarbonisation policy, industrial growth will keep undercutting India's climate commitments
• Solution direction: targeted industrial climate policy aligning growth, energy demand and emission-reduction objectives