India and Japan Adopt Rules of Implementation for Joint Crediting Mechanism Under Article 6.2 of Paris Agreement

📌 Summary:

• India and Japan adopted the 'Rule of Implementation' of the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) on 08 June 2026 under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement of the UNFCCC

• Builds on the Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) signed last year, which framed collaboration on mitigation activities delivering GHG emission reductions/removals while supporting sustainable development and the NDCs of both countries

• The Rule of Implementation defines governance: a Joint Committee with both governments, transparent project-approval procedures, third-party validation and verification, sustainable development safeguards, and national registries to track issuance and transfer of credits

• Enables carbon-market cooperation — catalysing investment, technology transfer and capacity-building for low-carbon technology projects in India

• Marks India's operationalisation of Article 6.2 cooperative approaches (bilateral carbon-credit trading toward climate targets)

🎯 UPSC Relevance: GS3 Environment — climate change mitigation, carbon markets under Paris Agreement Article 6, and India-Japan climate cooperation

📝 Prelims Facts:

• Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement enables Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) through cooperative approaches between countries

• JCM is a Japan-led bilateral carbon-crediting mechanism

• NDC = Nationally Determined Contribution under the UNFCCC

🔑 Key Term: Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) — a bilateral offset mechanism where emission reductions from projects in a host country (India) generate credits shared with the partner country (Japan), counted toward NDCs under Article 6.2